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NEW QUESTION # 119
Before performing a penetration test for a client, it is MOST crucial to ensure:
Answer: C
Explanation:
Before conducting apenetration test, themost crucial stepis to obtainauthorized consentfrom the client:
* Legal Compliance:Ensures the testing is lawful and authorized, preventing legal consequences.
* Clearance:Confirms that the client understands and agrees to the testing scope and objectives.
* Documentation:Signed agreements protect both the tester and client in case of issues during testing.
* Ethical Consideration:Performing tests without consent violates ethical hacking principles.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Determining timeframe:Important but secondary to legal consent.
* C. Defining scope:Necessary, but only after authorization.
* D. Estimating price:Relevant for contracts but not the primary security concern.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 8, Section "Ethical Hacking and Legal Considerations," Subsection "Authorization and Consent" - Proper authorization is mandatory before any penetration testing.
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following is a technique for detecting anomalous network behavior that evolves using large data sets and algorithms?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Machine learning-based analysis is a technique that detectsanomalous network behaviorby:
* Learning Patterns:Uses algorithms to understand normal network traffic patterns.
* Anomaly Detection:Identifies deviations from established baselines, which may indicate potential threats.
* Adaptability:Continuously evolves as new data is introduced, making it more effective at detecting novel attack methods.
* Applications:Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and behavioral analytics platforms.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Statistical analysis:While useful, it does not evolve or adapt as machine learning does.
* C. Rule-based analysis:Uses predefined rules, not dynamic learning.
* D. Signature-based analysis:Detects known patterns rather than learning new ones.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 8, Section "Advanced Threat Detection," Subsection "Machine Learning for Anomaly Detection" - Machine learning methods are effective for identifying evolving network anomalies.
NEW QUESTION # 121
A cybersecurity analyst has been asked to review firewall configurations andrecommend which ports to deny in order to prevent users from making outbound non-encrypted connections to the Internet. The organization is concerned that traffic through this type of port is insecure and may be used asanattack vector. Which port should the analyst recommend be denied?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Toprevent users from making outbound non-encrypted connectionsto the internet, it is essential toblock Port 80, which is used forunencrypted HTTP traffic.
* Security Risk:HTTP transmits data in plaintext, making it vulnerable to interception and eavesdropping.
* Preferred Alternative:UsePort 443(HTTPS), which encrypts data via TLS.
* Mitigation:Blocking Port 80 ensures that users must use secure, encrypted connections.
* Attack Vector:Unencrypted HTTP traffic can be intercepted usingman-in-the-middle (MitM)attacks.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Port 3389:Used by RDP for remote desktop connections.
* B. Port 25:Used by SMTP for sending email, which can be encrypted using SMTPS on port 465.
* C. Port 443:Used for encrypted HTTPS traffic, which should not be blocked.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Network Security and Port Management," Subsection"Securing Outbound Connections" - Blocking Port 80 is crucial to enforce encrypted communications.
NEW QUESTION # 122
A change advisory board Is meeting to review a remediation plan for a critical vulnerability, with a cybersecurity analyst in attendance. When asked about measures to address post-implementation issues, which o! the following would be the analyst's BEST response?
Answer: D
Explanation:
When discussing a remediation plan for acritical vulnerability, it is essential to include arollback plan because:
* Post-Implementation Issues:Changes can cause unexpected issues or system instability.
* Risk Mitigation:A rollback plan ensures quick restoration to the previous state if problems arise.
* Best Practice:Always plan for potential failures when applying significant security changes.
* Change Management:Ensures continuity by maintaining a safe fallback option.
Other options analysis:
* A. Canceling remediation:This is not a proactive or practical approach.
* C. Severity-based rollback:Rollback plans should be standard regardless of severity.
* D. Additional staff presence:Does not eliminate the need for a rollback strategy.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 9: Change Management in Security Operations:Emphasizes rollback planning during critical changes.
* Chapter 8: Vulnerability Management:Discusses post-remediation risk considerations.
NEW QUESTION # 123
Which type of access control can be modified by a user or data owner?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)allowsusers or data ownerstomodify access permissionsfor resources they own.
* Owner-Based Permissions:The resource owner decides who can access or modify the resource.
* Flexibility:Users cangrant, revoke, or change permissionsas needed.
* Common Implementation:File systems where owners set permissions for files and directories.
* Risk:Misconfigurations can lead to unauthorized access if not properly managed.
Other options analysis:
* A. Mandatory Access Control (MAC):Permissions are enforced by the system, not the user.
* B. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):Access is based on roles, not user discretion.
* D. Rule-Based Access Control:Permissions are determined by predefined rules, not user control.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 7: Access Control Models:Clearly distinguishes DAC from other access control methods.
* Chapter 9: Secure Access Management:Explains how DAC is implemented and managed.
NEW QUESTION # 124
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